MUNDITAKA (Whole Plant)
Munditaka consists of dried whole plant of Sphmranthus indicus Linn. (Fam. Asteracem), an aromatic, much branched herb, 30 to 60 cm high found abundantly in damp places throughout the country, ascending to an altitude of 1,500 m.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Mundi, Sravani, Bhumikadamba
Assamese : Kamadarus
Bengali : Surmuriya, Mudmudiya
English : —
Gujrati : Gorakhmundi
Hindi : Mundi, Gorakhmundi
Kannada : Mudukattanagida, Karande
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Manni
Marathi : Mundi, Gorakhmundi
Oriya : Bhuikadam
Punjabi : Gorakhmunda
Tamil : Karandai
Telugu : Bodasarumu Badataramu
Urdu : Mundi
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Root – Pieces 5 to 15 cm long and 0.3 to 0.5 cm thick, a few branching; smooth, slender, somewhat laterally flattened, greyish-brown; fracture, short; odour not characteristic; taste, slightly bitter.
Stem – Pieces 10 to 30 cm long, 0.2 to 0.4 cm thick, branched, cylindrical or somewhat flattened with toothed wings, rough due to longitudinal wrinkles, externally brownish black to brownish-green, internally creamish-grey; fracture, fibrous; odour nil, taste, bitter.
Leaf – Sessile, decurrent, 2 to 7 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, obovate-oblong, narrowed at the base, dentate or serrate, hairy, greenish-brown; odourless; taste, bitter.
Flower – Globose, head about 1.5 cm long and about one cm in diameter; purplish-brown with linear involucral bracts which are shorter than the head and ciliate at apex; peduncle with toothed wings; outer female flowers 12 to 16, inner bisexual 2 or 3, corolla of female 2 toothed, ovary, inferior, carpels 2, style – arms connate.
Fruit – Achene, smooth, stalked.
b) Microscopic
Root – Epidermis single layered, rectangular; secondary cortex composed of oval to tangentially elongated, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells having mrenchyma; secondary phloem composed of thin-walled, oval to polygonal cells, a large number of groups of lignified phloem fibres found scattered in this zone; central portion occupied by lignified, secondary xylem having usual elements; vessels simple pitted; starch grains simple, round to oval with concentric striations and distinct hilum. measuring 13 to 27 n in dia., present in secondary cortex.
Stem – Epidermis single layered covered with thick cuticle; cortex consisting of 4 to 6 layers of oval to polygonal, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells; endodermis single layers of barrel-shaped cells; pericyclic fibres, lignified arranged in discontinuous ring; secondary phloem narrow, having usual elements; groups of cellulosic fibres found scattered in this zone; secondary xylem composed of usual elements; vessels with spiral thickening or simple pitted; pith very wide composed of oval to polygonal, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells.
Leaf-
Midrib – epidermis single layered, followed by 4 to 6 layered collenchyma and 3 or 4 layered parenchyma cells present on both surfaces; trichomes both non-glandular and glandular, present on both surfaces, glandular trichomes 2 or 3 cells high, uni or biseriate stalk, having a multicellular head; non-glandular trichomes uniseriate with 2 to 5 cells, vascular bundle 3 or 4, situated centrally having usual elements.
Lamina – epidermis single layered having numerous non-glandular and glandular trichomes similar to those present in midrib; mesophyll composed of oval to polygonal thin walled parenchymatous cells and not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, anisocytic stomata present on both surfaces; stomatal index 32 to 38 on lower surfaces, 20 to 29 on upper surfaces; stomatal number 47 to 54 per sq. mm on lower surfaces, 15 to 22 per sq. mm on upper surfaces; vein islet number 20 to 26.
Powder – Greyish-yellow; shows fragments of thin-walled, oval to polygonal mrenchyma cells; thin-walled, sinuous, elongated epidermal cells; small pieces of glandular trichomes; a few anisocytic stomata; vessels with spiral and pitted thickening; fibres short, thick walled, lignified with wide lumen and blunt tips having simple pits; oval to round, elliptic, simple starch grains with centric hilum and striations, measuring 13 to 27 n in diameter.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 23 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 9 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 6 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract of the drug on Silica gel ‘G’ using Toluene .: Ethylacetate (9:1) shows under U.V. (366 nm) two fluorescent spots at Rf. 0.54 and 0.76 both green. On exposure to Iodine vapour one spot appears at Rf. 0.44 (brown). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for 10 minutes at 105oC five spots appear at Rf. 0.20 (violet), 0.25 (blue), 0.44, 0.54 and 0.59 (all violet).
CONSTITUENTS – Essential Oil, Sterols and Alkaloids
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Katu, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Laghu
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Medhya, Rasayana, Rucya, Svarya, Vatahara, Visaghna, Kaphapittanuta
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Ratnagiri Rasa, Mundi Arka, Vatagajankusa Rasa, Nava Ratnraya Mrganka Rasa
THERAPEUTIC USES – Apasmara, Chardi, Kasa, Mutrakrcchra, Pandu, Prameha, Vatarakta, Apau, Krmi Roga, Yoni Roga, Amatisara, Slipada, Pliharoga, Medoroga, Guda Roga
DOSE – 10-20 ml Svarasa
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